Chris Johnson

Conversations with friends can be difficult. One of my friends is burdened by the inequity of the world.

Because he is conservative and a strong supporter of the Second Amendment, his issues with inequity are putting him in serious mental anguish.

What Has Been

You struck out, westward, when you found a place to your liking, you made it your own. This included clearing the land, building your home, cultivating your ground, hunting, and surviving.

If you were lucky, you might find an abandoned homestead to take over. You paid for that home with the sweat of your brow. Nothing was easy.

In other cases, you might be close enough to civilization that you could purchase your home. Be that the wood to build it, or the house itself. You could also buy a house from the previous homeowner.

As time went on, the areas around the towns became more built up. The houses within the towns became more valuable. People invested in their homes, making them still more valuable.

Still, it was almost always a buyer’s market.

With vast amounts of “free” land, land was cheap, if you didn’t want a big house, your house was cheap too.

When you start seeing more expensive homes, they were passed down from father to son, as was the land. The family’s wealth was tied up in their land.

It’s NOT Fair!

But that means that those who came first got it easy! They got it cheap! There’s nothing left of ME!

My grandparents bought their home in the early 1900s. If I recall correctly, they paid around $5k for it. According to the googler, the average house price in 1929 was $6k. In 1929, my grandfather was likely earning about $1700/year. So a house would cost about 4 years worth of labor.

My house cost about one year of labor, the year I bought it. My house is actually cheaper than my grandfathers house. And my house is huge in comparison.

My grandparents, with their three daughters, lived in a two bedroom, one-bath house. There was a living room and a dine in kitchen. There was a full, unfinished basement. My grandfather built the detached garage later. It had a massive porch that extended the entire width of the front.

Grandpa added a back porch that was closed in to make it 3.5 seasons. Oh, there was a big mudroom off the back entrance.

When we were looking at houses, our minimum requirement was two full baths, four bedrooms, large kitchen, dining room. What we ended up with was larger than that. And it was still cheaper than my grandparents’ home.

It is fair.

But they didn’t have to pay as much!

It is all relative. My grandparents didn’t spend as much on entertainment. When they did go out, it was often very cheap dates. A nickle movie with popcorn and a soda was a 1/2 hour of labor. A movie with popcorn and soda is about 3/4 of an hour of labor today.

My friend wanted to buy a house for 2 years of labor, while having “needs” that would cost him 5 to 6 years of labor. And being upset.

His argument is that if they people that had come before were to stop being “evil” and “greedy”, there would be more houses.

The issue is that the housing market is currently a seller’s market. The demand is higher than the supply. This means that sellers can demand more money. When they get to where they are going, they will have to pay more as well.

Listening to people dancing at the “profit” they made selling their homes on Monday, and bitching about how unfair it is on Friday when they have to pay more for a new home, makes me giggle. I feel for them. I don’t understand why they don’t get it.

If we were just to…

We have a small lot, for the area, which backs on a few acres of forest. I do not want somebody to build a house right behind us. My options are to purchase the property behind us, risk it, or get the government to zone the land to stop new building.

I would like to purchase the land outright. That would be the best option for us. The risk is fairly low, there isn’t much demand for new housing in our area. But going to the zoning board…, now there’s an idea.

The wonder of the zoning board is that you can often convince the zoning board to put limits on the uses of property to protect the community.

We will zone land as noncommercial to keep traffic out, we might zone an area for single family dwellings to give people a sense of space and property, we might zone an area for high density housing or even trailer parks.

Zoning laws help protect the community from things like semi-trailers driving down the road in front of your house. The government put a US highway through my grandparent’s town. It was the street in front of their house. When they moved in, the road was a tree—lined boulevard. The first time I saw it, it was a four lane road with street parking on both sides and big rigs running through town all day and all night.

Occasionally, we find zoning laws designed to protect our farm land. The farm up the road was on the market for 10 years. Nobody was willing (or able) to buy it. In the end, they were able to sell off about 5 acres of the 100+, which became 3 lots with big houses on it.

Zoning laws kept that farm from becoming a huge apartment complex, or a subdivision.

If we were just to allow people to build as many houses as densely as they want, then house prices would be low enough for me.

Conclusion

I’m wealthy, by world standards. By world standards, I’m part of the “1%”. Then again, so are you.

The people of the United States are unbelievably wealth. The poorest of the poor in America are obese. They are not starving. Some might be hungry, but they are not starving.

I’ve been in section 8 housing to service computers. At a time when large, flat screen TVs were running 1000 to 2000 dollars, they had three.

When I was in high school, at one bus stop the “poor” kids would get off, they would run into their tar paper shacks. These were the kids who got to go to gym class as their first class. So they could use the showers.

They were so poor that they didn’t have enough running hot water for showers. I don’t know if they had showers in those shacks.

I do know that there were always two or three late model Cadillacs in the driveway.

The “poverty line” for the United States is higher than the average income of most countries in the world. Even some 1st and 2nd world countries.

If what you want as a home isn’t here, you need to look further afield or change your specifications.

Crying over what has been isn’t going to change anything.

Complaining that the people with wealth are “greedy” and “evil” isn’t going to change anything.

If it is the government standing in the way of lower costs, then we can get the government out of the way. That doesn’t mean that all zoning laws are bad, some might be.

In general, being upset that some people have things you want and are unwilling to give it up, or are willing to fight to protect their property or the value of their property, is only going to make you mad.

Stop stressing over what others have. Take stock of what you do have and give thanks.

Monday, I had an opportunity to visit the SIG Academy/SIG Experience Center.

In the late 70s, I had a chance to visit NYC for the first time. That feeling of awe, looking up at the skyscrapers. Trying hard not to have pidgin droppings fall into our open mouths.

That is sort of how I felt walking into the building. I spent a long time in the museum portion of the building. I was surprised at the lack of firearms from the 1700 and 1800 hundreds. Starting in the 1900s, they had a presence.

One of the people who worked there was willing to discuss the things that are coming out of SIG for the military. One of the coolest is their short stroke piston operated rifles. Using a new caliber, they are getting good velocity out of shorter barrels.

I want one of those belt feed rifles. They might be out of my price range.

Part of the coolness factor is that with the dual action bars with the short stroke piston, they don’t need buffer tubes. This allows for true folding stocks. Or, something that was just FUD sick.

They took this beautiful action and shoved it into a plastic “hunting” rifle. No pistol grip. No buffer tube. It doesn’t look like an AR platform in any way, unless you shove a 30 round magazine into it.

I’m hoping for a version is 7.62×521(Win .308). That would be a nice rifle. No scaring the mundanes, packs a punch, light weight and reliable.

Unfortunately, I got to looking at the display case full of pistols…

Wouldn’t you know it, a cute little black guy followed me home.

Now, I’m a firm believer in my 1911s. I love the feel of them. I love shooting them. They are tack drivers.

I think I’ve found a new love. The P365 x macro.

This guy fits my hand perfectly. It doesn’t point exactly like the 1911s, but close enough. The grip size is perfect, if it wasn’t, you just replace the back strap. The gun comes with three different back straps.

The one I took home has an external safety, this is to standardize my manual of arms.

On Tuesday, I went to the range and put rounds down range. FUN!!!

I have three plates set up. 1/4 torso behind a round gong and a 1/2 torso to the side. One of my drills is to hit the head of the target hiding behind the gong, then hitting the 1/2 torso to the side, then back again.

With 17 rounds in the magazine, the grip wasn’t double stack wide. It performed admirably. From first to last round, it was consistently ringing steel.

The only downside is the magazines. You will want to use the loading tool to help load the magazine. Even with the tool, getting rounds 14 through 17 into the magazine was a pain. In some ways, it reminds me of loading the M3 grease gun magazines. Heavy springs to push those rounds reliably all the way.

The other thing is that I don’t like the bright orange followers in the magazines. I haven’t looked, but I’m pretty sure I can find replacement followers.

Now for the next bit of coolness, this thing has a drop in FCU. It is the FCU that is the registered firearm. This means that you can pay once for the FCU, then have multiple frames that you can put the FCU into.

Want a sub compact? Buy the frame, barrel, and magazines, you are good to go.

Want a full size? Buy the frame, barrel, and (maybe?) magazines, you are good to go.

I am going to add more SIGs to my collection.

Two is one, one is none. Have more.

Image you are a school bus driver. You’ve just picked up a load full of elementary school students to take them home.

And they start singing “Joy To The World.” Every. Single. Day.

That is how we tortured our bus driver.

I’ve had a slow leak in the right front wheel of my truck for the last year. When I went to have it fixed, I found that it wasn’t the tire. It was the wheel that was leaking.

Leaking tire? $20. Leaking wheel? $150+

Well, that slow leak isn’t slow anymore. Ally asked for a ride to the store. When we got to the truck, the left front tire was flat.

I could have pulled the air hose to the truck, filled the tire, moved the care to the garage and changed the tire there. But…

I decided that I was feeling old, so I was going to change the tire using only the in vehicle tools.

The tools were not where I expected to find them. Which makes sense. I looked for them under the left rear passenger seat. It was empty.

You don’t put the tools on the left. That would have the driver’s door open for an extended period of time with the driver not paying attention to traffic. Of course, it is under the right rear passenger seat.

The package consists of a hook on a rod, 2 straight rods, the tire iron, and a column jack.

I put the hook and extensions together, then went to find the magic hole to lead to the tire let down. Do you know it is designed to be done in the dark, with your eyes closed? There is a cup designed to accept the hook end. Just feed the rod in until it can go any further, rotate counterclockwise.

This old man was under the truck looking. Trying to find that stupid hole to feed in the rod. I got it done. I got the tire out.

Then it was time to do the tire change. A trick for youngsters, break the nuts free before you lift the tire off the ground. Much easier when the tire doesn’t spin.

In the course of breaking the lug nuts free, I manged to break a stud. Not a huge issue. Just another one of those things.

In the end, I used the car jack to get the tire off the ground. It wasn’t difficult. Surprisingly so. I used the tire iron to break the lug nuts free. After the one stud broke, I did as well.

I finished using a 1/2″ breaker bar and a floor jack.

In the end, I felt like I was able to do the task with the tools at hand.

Practice Your Skills, Even the simple ones

Is this something I could have done faster and easier with my impact wrench, floor jack and such? Yes. But I would not have practiced a skill I want to have. Practice, practice, then practice some more.

Story Time

Years ago, mom took the VW Micro bus in to the tire shop to get new tires put on. She was instructed to tell the staff that she wanted the lug nuts torqued to a specific setting. Per the manual.

When they were done changing the tires, she asked, “Did you torque them as specified?” To which the manager replied, “Of course we did.”

Mom got the bus and drove it around to the entrance. Took the tire iron from the roadside tool kit and went back inside.

She told the manager to come take on lug nut off and replace it on each wheel. The manager shrugged and called one of his guys to take the car back into the bays to do what was requested.

“No, you do it with this”, holding up the tire iron.

He tried, was unable to do so. Mom explained that she needed to be able to change the tire if she was alone with her kids. That she wasn’t going to be able to call him to do it for her when on a road trip to Wisconsin.

The manager “got it”. He sent the bus back in and they torqued the lug nuts to spec.

Doing work at the Fort is wonderful. It is also an exercise in interpreting what you are seeing vs what you expect to see.

When you look at the different items in the Fort, it is often surprising to find that they are “modern” items. We laugh when people pick up the wooden cup because stamped on the bottom is “Pier One”.

It is good enough at a distance.

We use the tools at the Fort. We use the spinning wheels from the 1700s, we use the warping board from the same time. We use all these things. And occasionally, it isn’t really that old.

One of the ladies that volunteers is an excellent spinner. She has left her person spinning wheel at the Fort. On my first walk through, I was examining the wheels to see if they needed fixing.

Hers took me aback. It had metal bearing surfaces. Then I took a step back and realized that the entire wheel is no more than 20 years old.

Somebody brought me a sickle to sharpen. On of the volunteers was using it to cut some longer vegetation. This is the type of task that worries me. If this thing is 300 years old, I can ruin it by touching a stone to it. I was asked to proceed.

A few minutes of working on the blade with the stone showed that it was a modern blade. It was both a relief and a disappointment.

The Froe

One of the workhorses of an older shop is the Froe. It is a 12″ blade with the sharpened edge away from you. You hold it by the handle to position the froe against the end grain of a log. You then rap the back of the blade with a wooden mallet.

With a bit of work, you can split a long, straight piece off the log that can be turned into something else. Such as barrel staves.

I’ve known of them for years. I only got a chance to handle one a few months ago. I was surprised at how thick the blade was. I was expecting a knife thickness. Instead it was 3/8+ inches thick.

When I set the blade against the log, to split of a slap, hit it hard with the wood mallet, the damn blade bounced back at me.

The blade was so dull that it didn’t even pretend to enter the wood.

45 minutes later, it was sharp enough to use. And I was worried that I was modifying a piece of history.

Then two weeks ago, I received permission to take the froe home to properly sharpen it. Instead of taking it home, the blacksmith Sam sharpened it with a file.

As we worked on the blade, it became obvious that it wasn’t from the 1700s. It had a wield repair, the fold wasn’t forge wielded. It was a reproduction that really wasn’t a working tool. Close, but not really.

Sam has been tasked to make a reproduction froe that I can use at the Fort without worrying about breaking something 100s of years old.

He made a beautiful blade. It looks like a froe blade, it is not.

A froe is used by reefing on the handle to twist the blade in the wood. By twisting the blade, you can guide the split.

That is why it is so thick. That is why the handle is so long.

Sam made this blade from some scrap he had around. It is 3/32’s thick. This is not thick enough. The eye is not long enough. This does not qualify as a reproduction.

What it is, is a safety splitter for Ally. When you are starting a fire, you need kindling. She uses a splitting stand.

You put your stick of split firewood in the mouth of this thing, resting on the fixed blade. Then you wack the back side with another piece of wood, driving the wood onto the blade and splitting it.

This is much safer than holding the stick with one hand while swinging a blade at it with the other. Even people that are good at this will sometimes make mistakes. Mistakes that can be life-threatening.

This splitting gizmo is a very modern tool. It will pass, but it never existed in the 1700s.

The froe that Sam made will work perfectly at the task of splitting kindling from a firewood stick. With one hand, balance the stick on an end, hold it there. Use the other hand to position the froe blade where you want it. Your offhand is on the handle of the froe. The blade is on the stick of firewood. You can let go of the stick.

Pick up your wooden mallet and drive the froe into the stick of firewood, splitting it.

As long as you are driving it straight into the wood, this tool will work. And it looks great.

I do have to make a handle for it. Not difficult with the wood lathe.

Markings

When I or Sam make reproductions, we mark the reproductions with our marks. If they would not have had makers marks, we hide them. We’ve given our marks to the Fort. This means that they can look at one of our reproductions, 30 years from now, and know it was made as a reproduction.

Ally has an event at the Fort this weekend. I drove her up Friday to stay the next two nights.

We arrived after dark. The moon was bright, the skies clear.

Ordinarily, visiting the fort is stepping back into a bustling place where I have so much to do.

Tonight it was silence. There was nobody but Ally and I.

We got to listen to silence. It was wonderful.

It was dark. Walking through the entrance in the dark is different. The shadows are longer. The palisade, taller, more imposing.

I stood there for a while, thinking of what it would have been like to stand sentry in the dark. My eyes adjusting to the moonlight, watching for the waving of the grass. Listening for anything disturbing the sleep of the fauna.

It is a beautiful memory.

Hopefully, a short one.

I’ve been accused of reacting quickly to situations. Mostly, this is a result of anticipating different situations and making a plan, long before anything happens.

I used to need to walk about a mile from where I parked to the office. This meant I had to carry my briefcase, with “extras”, my coffee travel cup, and my fat old self that distance. Sometimes in the rain, sometimes in the sunshine, and often in the cold and snow.

My briefcase was slung over my left shoulder, my left hand holding the strap. My right hand, held my coffee travel cup. Before I left the vehicle, I repeated, “if attacked, toss mug at attacker, draw.” and “Just drop the mug.”

I never needed to do those actions, but it meant that I had already decided what to do if needed. Preplanning and positioning yourself to have the advantage.

This required me to think about me, about how I respond, about what I would do. It is the easiest level of introspection.

Introspection becomes more difficult when you have to look at yourself, warts included, to figure out if you have done wrong. If you need to change.

If somebody says I did something wrong, I always treat it seriously. I always look to see what I did wrong and, if I was actually wrong, how to change myself to keep from making the same error.

This is difficult to perform honestly. You need to be willing to admit errors, and accept responsibility for your mistakes.

It Is His Fault

If you are not being honest with yourself, it is easy to blame others. It is his fault, not your own.

It isn’t that you didn’t study for the test, it is that he put things on the exam that he didn’t warn you about.

It isn’t that you didn’t start your project until the day it was due, it was the size of the project.

It isn’t that you said objectionable things, it was that he was mean. He wasn’t fair.

If you look at a situation where you feel like you should have succeeded, but didn’t, and you are looking at outside reasons, stop.

Look at yourself. What did you do wrong? What can you do differently.

Just because you’re paranoid, doesn’t mean they aren’t out to get you

If you look at yourself, and you believe that you didn’t make a mistake, then you can investigate outside causes.

That means investigate.

It does not mean leap to the conclusion. There are often other reasons. Look at yourself first.

When you are looking at outside forces, don’t look at the motive. Look at the actions. Solve the actions before you assume motives.

If you are told that you did something because you have impure motives, this isn’t going to accomplish anything.

Did he perform better than you did. Did she put in a great effort than you did. Did they beat you because they were better than you.

If so, be honest with yourself. Move forward, changing yourself, to do better next time.

During the dark days before Heller, the rogue inferior courts, like the Ninth Circuit, came to the consensus that the phrase “a well regulated militia” was more indicative of who had the right to keep and bear arms than “the right of the people”.

The result of this piece of stupidity was that we, The People, could not challenge a law based on the Second Amendment. We had no standing.

The federal courts can only address active controversy for the people affected for which they can grant relief. You cannot go to the court and have them decide on which color is best. Nor can you challenge many government regulations, even if they are known to be bad. You have no bone in the fight. No skin in the fight.

The courts have long ruled that being a taxpayer does not grant you the right to challenge the government.

Heller says that the Second Amendment applies to the people

Yes, it does. The Court did a fantastic job of driving a spike through the heart of that bit of sophistry in Heller, ⁣ but that doesn’t mean that the inferior courts haven’t found other things they can twist.

That idea, that the only “people” that had standing to make a Second Amendment challenge were the Militia. That private Militias are banned in many states. The only “legal” militia is the National Guard. The state controls the National Guard. The only people that can challenge state infringements on Second Amendment grounds was the state.

What Part of the Constitution Authorizes the Department of Education?

When the Supreme Court issued their opinion in —Brown V. Board of Education, 98 L. Ed. 2d 873 (1954) the Federal Government has used the 14th Amendment to justify prosecuting legally sanctioned discrimination.

The issue is that the Federal Government’s lust for power caused them to overstep “…to correct for persistently unequal access to resources…” —When it Comes to Education, the Federal Government is in Charge of ... Um, What?, supra. This is all the justification they really needed to create the Department of Education.

You and I can look at this and agree that the Department of Education is not authorized under our Constitution. What can you, or I, do about it.

You would think we could run to the courts and file a lawsuit to stop the law. It doesn’t work that way.

You have not suffered a distinct and palpable injury. You would have paid taxes regardless of the law, and the only injury you, or I can point to is our tax dollars being miss-spent.

Most of the requirements that the DoE places on the state are stated in terms of getting or not getting money.

A few years ago, the school board was hearing a request to raise the price of school meals for students. There was no need to raise the price of the meals. The costs were still covered by what the students were paying.

They were required to raise prices to maintain compliance with a DoE “free lunches” program. Under the program, the schools are allowed to purchase food from the government at a significant savings.

If we had ditched the program, the cost of school meals would have gone up more than what the program required.

The board was forced to raise prices so that they could continue to offer lower priced school meals. You can’t make this stuff up.

Who has standing?

Let’s say that on day one, Trump uses Obama’s pen and phone methodology and shuts down the Department of Education. The DoE answers to the executive. He decides how the laws are enforced and carried out.

You are no longer having your money taken to give to failing schools, that will never succeed. You don’t get to keep any more of your money, that’s still going to be taken away.

But somebody is now being injured. All the people who are no longer getting the beautiful DoE money have been injured by the executive order.

This means that they have standing to file a lawsuit in federal court.

Which means the government can now argue that the DoE violates the Constitution. The plaintiffs (people wanting money from the federal government), have to argue how the Constitution authorizes the transfer of wealth to them.

Reading the plain text of the Constitution and the 14th Amendment, we can see that education is not mentioned in the Constitution, as amended.

At the first step, the plaintiffs lose. If we presume, without finding, that it is constitutionally authorized, the plaintiffs need to show a match to this Nation’s historical tradition of education regulations.

That fails as well.

In the question of Anchor Babies, the same is true. As soon as Trump says “no more anchor babies”, somebody will sue. Then it can go through the court system. During that process, they will find that the Supreme Court has already decided the question of Anchor Babies with —United States V. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898)

In other words, if the child is not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, it is not a citizen of the United States. Welping your child on American soil does not make your child a citizen of the United States.

Life is going to get interesting, in a good way.

Networking used to be simple. It is unclear to me why I think that. Maybe because when I started all of this, it was simple.

Networks are broken down into two major classes, Point-to-Point (P2P) or broadcast. When you transmit on a P2P port, the data goes to a dedicated port on the other side of a physical link. There it comes out.

Each port is provided an IP address. A routing table tells the router which port to transmit on to reach a particular network. A router works in a store and forward procedure. It reads the entire packet from a port, then retransmits that packet, modified as needed, on a different port.

A broadcast network is one where multiple devices are connected to a single physical network. What is transmitted on the link is heard by all the other nodes on the same physical network.

Originally, that physical network was a switch. Your network card would connect to a switch, the switch then transmits everything it receives on one port to all other ports.

Switches could be connected to each other. The only requirement was that of time. The amount of time it takes for a packet to travel from one end of the physical network to the other was limited. If it took more time than that limit, the network became unstable.

This concept of everything going back to a single switch was expensive. The cabling was expensive, the switch was expensive, the network card was expensive. A working network started at around $50,000. $30K for the switch, $10K for each network card. Hundreds of dollars for cabling.

The original Internet protocol was only going to have addressing for 65,000 machines. How many machines would be network attached if each site required $50k just to get one or two machines hooked up. We compromised at 4 billion.

We are working on getting everything on IP version 6 with 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 IP addresses. I think somebody told me that that is enough addresses for every atom in the known universe to have an IPv6 address.

From those expensive switches, we moved to 2-base-10 and “thick” Ethernet. These had the same limitations, but the costs were starting to come down. Something around $1000 to get into thick net and a few hundred to get into thin net.

Routers were still expensive. With the advent of 10baseT, we saw costs drop again. You could get an Ethernet hub for under a hundred dollars. Routers were only a few thousand. The world was good.

The other day I purchased an 8 port 10 Gigabit router for under a hundred dollars. It has 160 Gigabit internal switching. This means it can move 10 Gigabit per second from and to every port.

It cost less than $35 for two fiber transceivers. It cost around $33 for an Intel-based NIC capable of 10 Gigabits.

This means that I can upgrade a server to 10 Gibibit capability for around $60. Not bad.

A Step Forward

My data center was rather small. It was set up as a single /23 (512 addresses) connected via L2 switches. The switches were all one Gigabit copper.

You can buy 10 Gigabit L2 switches, but they are either copper, with limited distances and a need for high-quality cabling, or they are expensive.

Moving to an L3 device got me a better price and more features.

Moving to an L3 router gave me some more options. One of the big ones is the ability to have multiple paths to each device to provide high availability.

This requires that each node have multiple network interfaces and multiple routers and switchers. With the routers being cross connected, with each node being able to handle multi-path communications.

This is the step forward.

A step backwards

This High Availability (HA) solution requires multi-path capabilities. This is not always available for every piece of software. I want to keep things simple.

A Solution

A solution is to move from a physical network with multiple paths and redundant capabilities to virtual networking.

Each node will have two physical network interfaces. The interfaces will route using OSPF. This is a quick response system that will find other paths if one link or router fails. This provides the HA I want for the network.

Each node will have two VPCs for the ceph cluster, one or more VPC for each container system, and one or more VPC for each VM cluster. A VPC is a “virtual private cloud” It is a virtual network with only allowed traffic.

You can have multiple networks on a single physical network. For example, you can have 192.168.0.0/24 be your “regular” subnet and 172.16.5.0/24 be your data plane subnet. A network interface configured as 192.168.0.7 will only “hear” traffic on subnet 192.168.0.0/24.

But you can configure a network interface to hear every packet. Allowing a node to “spy” on all traffic.

With a VPC, there is only subnet 192.168.0.0/24 on the one VPC and only 172.16.5.0/24 on the other. Packets are not switched from one VPC to the other. You need a router to move data from one VPC to another. And the two VPCs must have different subnets; otherwise the router doesn’t know what to do.

OVN Logical Switch

It turns out that a VPC is the same as an OVN logical switch. Any traffic on one logical switch is restricted to that switch. You need to send traffic to a logical router to get the traffic in or out of the VPC.

Since the traffic is going through a router, that router can apply many filters and rules to protect the VPC from leaking data or accepting unwanted data.

I configured 4 VPCs for testing. DMZ is part of the physical network. Any virtual port on the DMZ VPC is exposed to traffic on the physical network. This is how traffic can enter or exit the virtual clouds.

The second VPC is “internal”. This is a network for every physical node to exist. By using the internal VPC, each node can communicate with each other, regardless of the physical topology.

That was working.

There was a data plane VPC and a management VPC. Those VPCs were connected to the DMZ through a router. The router is distributed across multiple nodes. If one node goes down, the other node is ready to take up the traffic.

Falling way back

I now have a VPC for testing. The idea is to test everything extensively before moving any nodes to the virtual network. I need to be able to reboot any node and have everything still function.

The VPC came up perfectly. My notes made it easy to create the VPC and configure it.

The problem began when I added a router to the VPC.

Now I can’t get traffic to flow to the VPC.

WTF?