Chris Johnson

I’ve talked about my Ceph cluster more than a bit. I’m sure you are bored with hearing about it.

Ceph uses two technologies to provide resilient storage. The first is by duplicating blocks, and the second is by Erasure coding.

In many modern systems, the hard drive controller allows for RAID configurations. The most commonly used RAID is RAID-0, or mirroring. Every block written is written to two different drives. If one drive fails, or if one sector fails, the data can be recovered from the other drive. This means that to store 1 GB of data, 2 GB of storage is required. In addition, the drives need to be matched in size.

Ceph wants at least 2 copies of each block. This means that to store 1 GB of data, 3 GB of storage is required.

Since duplicated data is not very efficient, different systems are used to provide the resilience required.

For RAID-5, a parity drive is added. When you have 3 or more drives, normally an odd number, one drive acts as a parity drive.

Parity is a simple method of determining if something was modified in a small data chunk. If you have a string of binary digits, 0xp110 1100 (a lowercase l in ASCII), the ‘p’ bit is the parity. We count the number of one bits in the byte and then set the p bit to make the count odd or even, depending on the agreement. If we say we are using odd parity, the value would be 0x1110 1100. There are 5 ones, which is odd.

If we were to receive 0x1111 1100, the parity would be even, telling us that what was transmitted is not what we received. A parity bit is described as single-bit detection, no correction.

Parity can get more complex, up to and including Hamming codes. A Hamming code uses multiple parity bits to create multi bit detection and one or more bit correction.

NASA uses, or used, Hamming codes for communications with distant probes. Because of limited memory on those probes, once data was transmitted, it wasn’t available to be retransmitted. NASA had to get the data right as it was received. By using Hamming codes, NASA was able to correct corrupted transmissions.

RAID-5 uses simple parity with knowledge of which device failed. Thus a RAID-5 device can handle a single drive failure.

So this interesting thing happened: the size of the drives got larger, and the size of the RAID devices got larger. The smart people claimed that with the number of drives in a RAID device, if a device failed, by the time the replacement device was in place, another drive would have failed.

They were wrong, but it is still a concern.

Ceph uses erasure coding the same way RAID uses parity drives, but erasure coding is more robust and resilient.

My Ceph cluster is set up with data pools that are simple replication pools (n=3) and erasure coded pools (k=2, m=2). Using the EC pools reduces the cost from 3x to 2x. I use EC pools for storing large amounts of data that does not change and which is not referenced often, such as tape backups.

The replication pools are used for things that are referenced frequently, where access times make a difference.

With the current system, I can handle losing a drive, a host, or a data closet without losing any data.

Which is good. I did lose a drive, I’ve been waiting to replace the dead drive until I had built out a new system. The new node was in the process of being built out when the old drive failed.

Unfortunately, I have another drive that is dying. Two dead drives is more than I want to have in the system. So I’ll be replacing the orginal dead drive today.

The other drive will get replaced next week.

Let’s Try Socialism!

In a city of 7 million people, only 1 million people showed up to vote. They decided an openly socialist was the right choice for them.

Some are planning to leave. Others are rushing to the city to take part in the “free” stuff. Businesses are looking at horrible tax rates.

The mayor elect has already turned on the “rich”.

You can vote yourself in, you need to shoot yourself out. I hope they learn.

Steel Challenge

I have a new goal, to put 18 rounds in a ten-inch round at 60 ft. This is the size of the small targets for Steal Challenge Shooting.

Either I’ve lost much of my skill or it is just getting use to a new firearm. I will get better.

We The People Holsters

The holster system I purchased doesn’t come with a backer pad. It is still incredibly comfortable. I’ve not figured out my magazine holster yet. It either feels much to wide or it sits to low. I’ll work it out.

I’ve ordered my second for the Sig P365-XMacro. I expect to be using this as my primary firearm for Steel Challenge.

If you are looking, give them a try.

Trauma Kit

One of the questions on the SOP for the range is “Where are the trauma kits located?” The answer is just inside the clubhouse, inside the rimfire covered firing line and maybe one other place. I don’t recall.

I told the gentleman running the test, “There is no place to list: Back of driver’s seat of truck, right side of range back, and ankle.”

Well, I picked up an ankle kit. It is elementary, TQ, Combat Bandage and two pairs of gloves. My only issue is that there is no place for z-fold gauze. I’m working with that issue.

First Aid Training

I’m looking into getting formal first aid training for the family. It turns out that the local hospitals and a few other place offer low cost to free first aid training.

We’ll do something at the start of the new year. I want to practice applying a TQ, applying a combat bandage, and packing wounds. Those three things should cover most major bleeding issues. Above that, I would like to learn how to apply a chest seal properly.

I’ve started to watch some more serious trauma response instructional videos. There is a reason that chest seals come in pairs, you have to seal the exit hole as well as the entry hole.

SCOTUS

More cases in the Second Amendment space are being conferenced at the Supreme Court. Here’s hoping they take up at least one more good Second Amendment case this term.

Reloading

I had slowed down my reloading when I had reached some of my goals. It is time to go into higher production. 3.67Kg is about 1000 deprimed 9mm cases. I need to be reloading around 1000 per month to keep up with my range schedule.

It takes only a few moments to send 51 rounds down range with my Sig as compared to my 1911s.

Luckily primers are in stock and coming down in price. I have a few pounds of powder. I’m going to need more bullets.

The nice thing is that getting brass to reload is much easier now. 10 minutes of picking gathered nearly 500 9mm cases, some 10mm, one .40 S&W, one 5.56, 2 .22LR, and 10 .45ACP. And this was with a focus on 9mm. Oh, 1 .38 special.

Question of the Week

How close do you keep your trauma kit? Do you carry one on your person or is it in your bag, or vehicle/house?

I have just started with constantly on my person. Each of my LBV has a trauma or trauma plus IFAK, Each of my carry bags has an IFAK, that would be briefcase, break down rifle case, range bag, and GOODE bag.

“Democrats care more about illegal aliens than Americans!” is a proven fact!

Is it?

This is part of having an open mind. And Lord, is it difficult.

I believe this to be true. The left has demonstrated this over and over again.

Unfortunately, it is not as simple to prove to them.

Let’s look at an example: A soldier is in combat; he has a choice. He can kill 9 enemy combatants, and in the process he will also kill a civilian noncombatant. If he does nothing, he will be killed.

For me, the answer is simple: the life of one American is worth more than all enemy combatants, and collateral damage happens. I want the soldier to pull the trigger. It is the right thing to do.

For many, this is not a simple answer. They value the lives of those enemy combatants as humans first and enemies second. To kill even one person that is not a confirmed enemy is abhorrent. It is better that 100 enemy combatants roam freely than one innocent be killed.

We can see this with the noise being made regarding the targeting and elimination of drug trafficking vessels. I don’t need to know who is on the boat when it is destroyed. It doesn’t matter to me if they were forced to be there, if they are getting paid to be there, or if they just wanted to do it. They are moving poison into my country, which will destroy or kill my countrymen.

Stop them.

The left looks at those boats and makes a true statement: “Those boats might be doing something innocent.”

I believe that Harry describes it thusly:

Does this mean that they care more about the scum running drugs into our country? No, it means they are terrified of making a mistake and will bend over backwards to make sure that those people have every opportunity to suggest they are innocent.

A discussion I had a few years ago with leftist Ally was about immigrants. I bluntly said I didn’t want immigrants from third-world shitholes. I prefer educated people from first-world countries, or maybe some from second-world countries. She argued that those ignorant farmers from third-world countries would be bringing needed skills to this country.

I’m sorry, there are only so many farmers that cannot maintain their infrastructure that my country can absorb. And we’ve taken as many as we should.

But the leftist was looking for good in the policy. I was looking at a hundred head of horses. She was telling me there might be a zebra in that herd that we should save.

When you see a hoofprint of a horse, don’t go looking for zebras. It is much more likely to be a horse.

The leftist always seems to be looking for the zebra. They always seem to be looking to give bad ideas one more chance, because this time they will do it right.

There are very few people that are actually evil. Fewer still who believe themselves to be evil.

How do we know that they care more for illegal aliens than Americans? Well, they choose them over us every time.

This is only partially true.

For many on the left, there are no illegal aliens. They are just people. They are just migrants. They are just workers.

This is why we hear about “Masked men kidnapped a local worker.” They are just a worker. Those were just masked men. They could have been evildoers. We don’t know that they are federal agents.

And if they say they are, they could be lying. We need badge numbers, faces, names, and home addresses to vet them.

Those on the left don’t see these people as any different from you and me. In many cases, they see the people they know as being better than you and me. Since these people are no different from them, then anything that happens to those “workers” could happen to them.

This is not to say there aren’t leaders manipulating the sheep. They are out there. They communicate, and they plan. The message goes out via all the different signals and the NPCs all turn as one, newly programmed with the newest phrase.

Bibliography

• Elizabeth Elkind, Democrats Prioritizing Illegal Immigrants Over Citizens ‘Mind-Boggling,’ White House Says, Fox News (Apr. 15, 2025), https://www.foxnews.com/politics/democrats-prioritizing-illegal-immigrants-over-citizens-mind-boggling-white-house-says.
• David Leonhardt, Where Democrats and Voters Differ on Immigration, N.Y. Times (Jan. 17, 2024), https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/briefing/immigration-policy-democrats.html.
• Priscilla Alvarez, Top Democrat Expresses Confidence in US Intel on Boat Strikes, but Says Briefings Need Improvement, CNN (Nov. 5, 2025), https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/05/politics/boat-strikes-democrats-briefing-trump-admin.
• Dareh Gregorian, Senators Criticize Trump Administration After Democrats Were Left Out of Drug Boat Strike Briefing, NBC News (Oct. 30, 2025), https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senators-criticize-trump-administration-democrats-left-drug-boat-strik-rcna240943.
• Brad Lander, The Nightmare I Saw at Manhattan’s ICE Detention Facility, MSNBC (Nov. 3, 2025), https://www.msnbc.com/opinion/msnbc-opinion/trump-ice-manhattan-26-federal-plaza-brad-lander-rcna241144.

Yesterday was interesting in terms of our security posture.

On Friday we discussed the probability of bad things happening at the local stores when people’s EBT cards stop working. I consider this a real consern.

Because of our agreed-upon concerns, we agreed to wait until today to do our weekly grocery shopping. Monday being the day when I can actually provide security for my lady while she is shopping.

Sunday morning my wife gets a message from her Aunt stating that my brother-in-law’s EBT would not be affected by the shutdown because “a federal judge has ordered Trump to use emergency funds for SNAP.” My wife heard this as a change in DEFCON. I heard it as BS from her liberal Aunt.

Article III courts have no authority over the Article III Executive’s enumerated powers. That includes how he deals with a budget shortfall.

My security posture is still high. I don’t use DEFCON values for myself or my family. Regardless, I will continue to provide armed security for my lady when she is shopping until the threat level goes down.

Side Note

We watched House of Dynomite yesterday. It is a well-done movie, handling multiple aspects of an incoming ICBM from multiple points of view.

For me, the two things that stuck out for realism are that nobody was stupid and nobody violated security protocols. In terms of security protocols, a common trope in this type of movie is the characters making a call to their loved ones to tell them to evacuate.

The loved one tells a few of their loved ones, and before you know it, there is mass panic, and the mob has closed the city, and egress is impossible.

While people did call their loved ones, they just told their loved ones they were loved with reasonable excuses. No mass panics.

We talk about “them” living in a bubble. And I do mean “us” and I do mean “them”. Both teams make the accusation.

The question then becomes, how much do other viewpoints leak into your bubble?

From where I sit, I am constantly exposed to what the other side seems to be saying. It is on every mainstream media. Often times in lockstep. I do mean lockstep. There are more than a few examples of talking heads saying the same words.

I don’t know how much of the conservative viewpoint actually reaches into the left’s bubble. I assume there is some, but I do not believe it is very much.

As an example, consider this piece of dialog from Last Man Standing

This was done as comedy. It was funny because it reflected a reality. That the left has a view of the right that is a caricature of reality.

When we deal with the caricature of a person, we are not interacting with a person; we are interacting with a clown like version of that person. It is insulting to the person in question, and it leaves you looking foolish.

EBT and SNAP

This is a good example of the strawmen being built.

“The left cares more for illegal aliens than they do about Americans!”

vs.

“The right doesn’t care that people are going to starve without EBT and SNAP!”

These are strawman arguments. Or maybe better, they are such misrepresentations that it is impossible to have an honest discussion.

If you look at me and tell me that I, personally, don’t care that people will starve, I will point you to the donations our family has made. Anticipating SNAP and EBT being cut off, we reached out to people and communities that we know, offering help.

So why would you say I don’t care? Why would you say that my family doesn’t care?

“Well, that’s different.” isn’t really an answer. The left has used a very broad brush to paint people standing over here as evil, uncaring subhumans.

We arn’t.

I believe, no, I know, that the left doesn’t care more for illegal aliens than Americans. What I believe is that they want to help everybody, regardless of the cost. Because they wish to help everybody, they are willing to do things to accomplish those ends.

How do we get here? We get here because it is easier to fight the bogeyman than to fight real evil. It is easier to fight the uncaring conservative that just wants people to starve than it is to talk to them and find out the reasons.

It is easier to write off a progressive as caring more for non-Americans.

Hand up or Hand out?

Much of this revolves around a perception of how help should be handled and what the costs are.

I would hope that both sides can agree that there are people who are cheating or gaming the system. I hope both sides can agree that there are people who need and deserve help. The question then becomes a balancing act. How much fraud are we willing to endure such that every person in need and who is deserving gets help? How many people will struggle to reduce fraud?

There are thousands of people who deserve and need supplemental food assistance. I want us to take care of those people.

What is the best way to do so? That is a discussion that we should have. My conservative beliefs suggest, strongly, that such help should come as close as possible to those in need. Their local community, be that a church or the community center, as local as possible. Then, maybe, we should be looking at town- or city-sized communities. Then state and rarely federal.

This begs the question, who decides?

Dick was my best friend. He is now in the special prison for kiddy diddlers. His wife worked hard; he didn’t work nearly as hard. There were always reasons he wasn’t getting a job. Because he was a thief and unwilling to work, his family lost their home.

We took them in. We found room in our home for them all. We were feeding them and housing them. His wife was buying food for all of us to contribute to the running of the house. He contributed nothing.

One day my wife had had enough and went off on him. Get his lazy ass off the couch and DO something. Get a job or make her life easier. He chose to leave to live with his mother.

His stepdaughters accused him shortly after, he was arrested, he was prosecuted, and he was found guilty.

We knew he wasn’t producing. He didn’t deserve our assistance. His wife was. His wife and stepdaughters lived with us for another year or more before they found their home.

We know our neighbors. Even those that don’t associate. We know them. I’m always unhappy that my grayman fails because people call me by name and greet me when I am out and about. I don’t think I have done anything to be recongized.

I’m sure if we needed help, we would get it from our local community.

Another example of local. A friend of ours lost their house to a house fire. People started showing up that evening to offer them help.

We handed them a chunk of cash with no expectations. Others in the community did the same. They had a place to stay that night. They had food and clothing the next day. Insurance kicked in a few days later. But the community were the first responders. They community took care of their own.

That expresses how I have observed conservatives respond to issues.

I know that progressives also responded to that fire and helped out.

The difference, which I have personally observed, is that progressives check to see if the person has the correct social score before they assist. Conservatives respond first and worry about politics and social scores later.

I know that the person that we helped out has full-on TDS, or did.

Conclusion

Stop looking at the labels. Stop looking at the strawmen. Instead, look at what people are actually doing.

Open your mind and listen; maybe there is a reason for their opinion. Don’t write off a differing opinion as evil, most people are not evil.

My brother-in-law is an addict. Drugs and alcohol. There is nothing he wouldn’t sell to get booze or drugs. For a while his scam was to con his sister into believing he was starving; she would order him a pizza. He would then sell slices at $2 a slice.

She bought the pizza for $25 delivered. He ate one of the pieces, sold the other 7 and got something from it.

He sold canned goods. He sold his mattress. He sold everything he was given, then begged for more. Always preying on his mother’s and sister’s sympathy. For his mom, it was cleanliness. He would con her into paying for laundry and clothes. For his sister, it was food. With his daughters, it was something else.

Of course you can sell your EBT card. My BIL sold his, many times.

Range Day

Last week I made it to the range in time for the orientation class. The “Range” is large enough to take about 45 minutes to get the orientation tour. It was about 20 minutes of filling out forms. It was another 2.5 hours waiting for people to take the range safety and operating procedure test.

You need to score 90% on the SOP test to get your membership. I was unhappy because I got 2 wrong and scored a 95%. I passed on the first attempt. Nobody else passed on the first attempt. There was a membership person overseeing the test taking and answering questions.

The two questions I got wrong were about the 50/100/200 yard rifle range. The range is split between the 200 and the 50/100 targets. I consider them to be two separate ranges. But, there is only a single firing line. I messed it up because I was thinking of them as separate. 2.5% off.

The other was just as stupid.

I almost walked out. The gentleman taking the SOP when I first got there was not doing well. He was failed and was denied membership.

As I told the orientation officer, if they had passed him, I would have taken my money and walked back out.

How nice is this range? Let’s start with “The Range is closed, but here’s a bay for you to shoot in”. The 600 yard rifle range extends over most of the full range. When the 600 yard range is in use, all the other ranges are closed. But they open up the bay just outside the gate for people to use while waiting for the rest of the range to open.

The 600 yard range is scheduled for Thursdays, 0800-1200.

Next come the two trap ranges. The lower one has all the stuff for shotgun people. The upper range has a pavilion. The clay launcher is fully automated. You yell “pull” and the machine does it. No humans except for loading more clays. $5 for 25 clays.

Next is the 50/100 and 200 yard ranges. Then the rimfire bay, both rifle and pistol, .22 and .17 rimfire.

Next are the pistol bays; the first is for paper targets. Don’t draw from behind the bench; use the open slot or off to the side. Place your targets where you want. Then there is the steel bay. Pistol calibers only, no magnums. So I can’t shoot my .357 Mag rifle or pistol in that bay. .45ACP and 9mm all day long. Finally, is the “carbine bay”. Carbine is defined as “yes”. This is for people that want to do two gun practice.

There are more bays that are only open during competitions.

Finally, there is a 25 yard indoor range. As a member, I can use the indoor range 24 hours a day except when it is reserved for a group.

If things don’t break, I’ll be there today.

Food Budget

We eat well. We eat darn well. With the children gone off to university, we eat even better.

My wife grew up with “Love is food, food is love.” While the children were living at home, she constantly purchased crap food for them. I’d guess that 25 to 35 percent of our food budget went to crap food. Today, we buy almost no crap food. Our budget has gone down slightly.

At the high end, we spend about $8.30 per person per day. When we are running short on cash, I reduce that to $5 per person per day.

Here’s the thing: I’ve been using that $5 per person per day for the last 40 years. It has always included nice food.

There are people who have never used a budget. Much less used a budget for food. My wife was like that. For years every meal required a trip to the grocery store. And every week we tossed the dead food, because she doesn’t like leftovers. I eat them for lunch.

We now use a budgeting grocery shopping list. Everything we want for the week goes on the list. We have a chat channel just for groceries. If you think you are going to need it next week, you say it and it gets added to the list.

We don’t buy it if it isn’t on the list.

If you need help budgeting for food, please reach out to us if you want help. If you are hungry, please reach out to us if you want help.

I have sent care packages to people around the world.

Surprised Shooting

Firearm skills are a perishable skill. I finally had a chance to put rounds on paper out of my .357 wheel gun. It actually shot much better than I thought it would. Well, it always shoots well. I, on the other hand, can easily fail.

I’m looking forward to finding out what some of these WWII rifles I’ve collected can really do at range.

Head, Swivel, Keep

Stay strapped. Stay out of stupid places. Stay away from stupid people. Nothing good happens after midnight; don’t be out and about at stupid times.

The next couple of weeks will be touchy. Be careful.

IPKVM

I’ve used Keyboard, Video, and Mouse devices in data centers in the past. They are great when you have many servers that you need to work with but don’t want to have multiple monitors and I/O devices for.

In one data center, we had a KVM with ports on the front for video out and keyboard connection. The monitor, a big-ass CRT, was on a cart. You rolled the cart to the rack with your server, plugged the CRT into power, and connected things up. You then had console access to 8 or more servers.

The price of a four-port KVM is down around $35. I have them in all the data closets. This made life much easier.

What I really wanted, though, was a KVM over IP. With this type of gizmo, you can access the console of a remote server over the network.

The cost of a four-port KVM starts at around $400. An 8-port runs around $650. For that, I’d build out another server.

Enter the iGL.net Comet and, shortly, their upgraded version. Plug a USB C into the side for power. Connect HDMI and USB to the computer. Plug in the Ethernet.

A few minutes later you have web access to the console of that computer. $89 for the gizmo. I have them plugged into the regular KVM.

Now I can select the computer I want on the KVM, go back to my desk, and do all the console work I need to do remotely.

The only issue I have is that if I have it in full screen mode and do any editing, the first time I press ESC, it reduces the size of the window.

vim uses the ESC key to leave insert mode. emacs uses the ESC key as a lead character for META control sequences.

If you have a need for remote access to a console, give it a try.

Oh, I had a friend who required support. I had him pick up one of these IPKVMs. I was able to reboot his computer remotely, configure BIOS, and bring his Linux back to life from 1500 miles away.

The hardest part was getting him to use the correct USB cables. I was attempting to use the power only cable(s) instead of power + data cables.

Question of the Week

What was your favorite range and why?

The Democrats have decided to shut down the government. Federal payrolls are only partially funded during the shutdown.

Amazingly enough, our Constitution says the federal government will maintain a standing army. Yet the shutdown affects their pay.

Senators that are bouncing around telling us how horrible the Republicans are are still taking a paycheck.

I’m unsure of how federal law enforcement is funded, but I keep reading about good enforcement actions.

SNAP, and it was gone

What isn’t funded is SNAP. All SNAP payments stop at the end of this month.

You are going to have many people who are suddenly unable to just buy food. Many of them haven’t prepared for this. Many of them have children.

Worse, many of these people feel entitled to take what is not theirs.

Over the next few weeks, I expect to see a massive increase in crime around the country as these people decide it is easier to steal what they want than to get a job and pay for what they need.